例谈初中英语阅读教学的方法与技巧

例谈初中英语阅读教学的方法与技巧
秦双花
（丹阳市华南实验学校，江苏  镇江  212300）
摘  要：中学英语教学的目的是对学生进行听、说、读、写训练，培养学生在口语和书面表达方面初步运用英语的能力，侧重培养阅读能力。这就要求学生不但要学会语言知识，获取文章提供的信息，领悟文章的内涵，掌握良好的阅读方法和技能，而且要学会学习，成为有独立阅读能力的人。本文结合《牛津英语》 8B Unit 4 A charity show阅读课第二课时的教学过程，例谈了初中英语阅读教学的方法与技巧。

英语学科中的阅读课堂是学生学习语言、熟练阅读技巧、扩大知识面和提高阅读能力的重要场合。通常情况下，教师对初中英语牛津课本中的reading阅读课，作两课时处理。第一课时着重对文章的理解和阅读技能的培养。第二课时处理阅读文章中需要学生掌握的语言点，主要指某些重点词汇、短语和句型的用法。语言学家认为,语法是语言发生作用的框架。语法教学是语言教学的一个重要组成部分，是帮助学生获得语言交际能力的捷径,它对提高学生的英语能力具有极其积极的作用。牛津英语对于阅读第二课时的要求是通过学习围绕话题的阅读材料从而学习本单元的主要语言知识，为完成“中心任务”打下语言基础。于是，很多老师都十分重视阅读第二课时语言点的教学，但对于初中学生来说，语言点的学习难度较大，不易掌握。如果教师只是单纯的向学生传授重点词汇、短语和句型的用法，课程内容往往比较枯燥，不易吸引学生的注意力，教学效果更会大打折扣，这就要求我们改变传统单调的教学模式。那么，怎样做才是科学的方法呢？下面结合《牛津英语》 8B Unit 4 A charity show阅读课第二课时的教学过程，谈谈教者对于阅读课第二课时教学的几点体会。
一、巧用资源，关注策略
案例片段一：T: Ricky was so nervous that he kept asking himself, “Will the charity show be a success?” What does “success” mean? What about “succeed” “successful” “successfully”? Can you use them correctly? Why not ask the dictionary or some softwares like “Jin shan ci ba(金山词霸)”or “You dao ci dian(有道词典)”for help?
(给学生3分钟时间自主学习后)
T: Now, Let me check if you have done a good job. Complete the exercises below. (根据短文内容，用“success”的正确形式填空)
 Zhu Jun and Dong Qing are _________ hosts. They have_________ in hosting a lot of events, such as Spring Festival Gala. They always try their best to make the events _________.This charity show was a big ________.They got a lot of support from local businesses ___________
评析：新课程倡导终生学习理念。在英语教学中，教师应有意识地帮助学生形成适合自己的学习策略，并具有不断调整学习策略的能力。本节课中，教者在教授“success”用法时，并没有直接将知识灌输给学生，而是引导学生利用工具书或网络资源进行自主探究，引导学生采用科学途径，拓宽学习和运用英语的渠道，提高学习效率。鼓励他们形成自主学习能力，为终生学习奠定基础。随后，教者紧扣本单元话题，设计了语篇练习，要求学生用 “success”的正确形式填空，以检查学生的学习效果，以便根据检查情况，调整之后的教学策略。
二、跳出文本，培养情感
案例片段二：T: Can you find out sentences showing Ricky’s feelings before the show, during the show or after the show?
S1: I felt happy when I was chosen to be the host.
S2: It was exciting, but I was also very nervous because of the TV camera.
S3: I thought I would never be able to remember all the words and do everything right at the same time.
S4: I couldn’t sleep at all that night because I was so excited.
…
T: What causes the changes of Ricky’s feeling? Please discuss in groups.
…
T: Ricky cares much about the charity show. In our real life, many people are trying their best to work for charity. We should learn from them.
评析：基础课程改革的一个重要方面是关注学生情感态度的发展, 教师有责任和义务培养学生积极向上的情感态度。本单元以“慈善”为中心话题，因此使学生通过本单元学习，了解慈善活动和慈善组织的形式，从而激发学生对慈善活动以及参与这些活动的兴趣这一情感价值目标显得尤为重要。本节课中，教者始终引导学生关注主人公Ricky从演出前、演出时到演出结束的情感变化主线，分析变化原因，并通过奥黛丽.赫本,修女特雷萨，成龙和丛飞等中外名人献身慈善事业的视频，让学生直观感知慈善事业意义，通过视频中名人的做法，引导学生从小事做起，激励自己、超越自己、鞭策自己为慈善事业贡献力量。
三、语篇输出，课外延伸
案例片段三：T: We have learned a lot today. Do you want to check yourself to feel successful? Complete the following passage with what you have learned.
I felt happy when I ______________be the host. I was also very nervous. We started working on the show two months ago. It’s my job __________ each star. It was the night before the charity show. I could____ sleep _____that night. Will it be a _________? Everything ________________ so fast, and now it is all over. Everyone was very generous and we __________________from local businesses. I ______more events will be held.
T: Do you know anything about Zhao Yu? What he has done is moving. This year, he wants to hold a charity show to help more students in need. What can we do to help him? Please think it over and work in groups to make a plan for your work.
评析：语言点教学应倡导“词句结合，语篇感悟”，教师不仅应重视语言知识的传授，更应重视语言能力的培养。综合整课的语言点，形成语篇，进行操练，不仅能巩固全课所学，还能为写作话题打下基础。