浅析高中英语中的强调句
浅析高中英语中的强调句
庞春霞
（垦利第一中学，山东 东营 257000）
摘 要：强调句是高中英语必学的语法结构，很多同学即使到了高三，在使用强调句上仍然存在问题，下面结合近几年高考题，浅谈英语中强调句的学习。
关键词：高中英语；强调句；语法
在英语中，为了强调句子的某一成分（主语、宾语或者状语），我们常常使用强调句式。常见的强调句分为以下几种：
1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he found his book.
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分?
e.g. Was it yesterday that he found his book？
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？
e.g. When was it that he found his book？
4. 强调句例句：针对He found his book under the desk yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was he that （who）found his book under the desk yesterday.
强调宾语：It was his book that he found under the desk yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was under the desk that he found his book yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he found his book under the desk .
在高考英语中，关于强调句型的考查，经常围绕以下考点：
一、强调句型的基本结构
1. 2013重庆.27：It was with the help of the local guide ___ the mountain climber was rescued.
A. who B. that C. when D. how
答案：B
解析：去掉It was...that后，该句可变为The mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide。题目中强调了方式状语。
2. 2012重庆.32：It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _____ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.
A. when B. that C. after D. since
答案：B
解析：去掉it was... that 后，该句可变为Zheng He sailed to East Africa 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。原题中强调了时间状语。
3. 2011四川卷.15：Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A. where B. that C. which D. what
答案：B
解析：该题强调了地点状语“on a lonely island ”
4. 2010湖南卷.25： John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _________has made him what he is today.
A. why B. when C. when D. that
答案：D
解析：题干中强调了句子的主语，去掉it was... that 后，该句可变为Years of hard work has made him what he is today.
二、含有not...but...结构的强调句
1. 2011陕西卷.23：.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
答案：C
解析：题干中强调了句子的主语部分。去掉it was... that 后，该句可变为Not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most. 被强调的句子的主语中含有not...but...结构（不是...而是），这个结构中还要注意主谓一致，选择谓语时应遵循就近一致原则。
三、含有not...until...结构的强调句
1. 2013天津.11： It was not until near the end of the letter __she mentioned her own plan.
A. that B. where C. why D. when
答案：A
解析：题干可还原为Not until near the end of the letter did she mention her own plan.或者She didn’t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter. 此处考查固定句型not…until的强调句，其句型结构为：It was not until…that+句子。同时注意在强调句中不用倒装。
四、含有倒装结构的强调句
1. 2013新课标II卷.10：It was only after he had read the papers __Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
答案：B
解析：题干可还原为：Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers。或者 Only after he had read the papers did Mr.Gross realize the task before him was extremely difficult to complete 即可判断为强调句，因此填that。同时注意此句不用倒装。
五、含有定语从句的强调句
1.在以下两句中，注意区分定语从句和强调句。
It was in this factory that my father used to work.（此句为强调句，去掉It was...that后仍然是完整的句子）
It was this factory that my father visited yesterday.（此句为定语从句，先行词是this factory，that引导一个定语从句修饰this factory）
2. 2010安徽卷.27：It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ___ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
答案：B
解析：题干中是对from only a few supplies进行强调。题干可还原为The hostess cooked such a nice dinner from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village.
关于强调句，除了近几年出现的高考题型外，在学习中还应注意以下几点：
一、强调句不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did.
二、在含有特殊疑问词的强调句中，如果放在宾语从句中应使用陈述语气。
I just wonder _____ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
答案：D
解析：题干中wonder的宾语是含有特殊疑问词的强调句，因为做宾语，所以要用陈述语序。
三、在情景对话中，要结合语境分清楚强调的部分。
—I can’t find Xiao Ping, where did you see him this morning?
—It was in the library______ he studied．
A．that B．where C．which D．the one
答案：B
解析：情景对话中的答语是一种口语中的省略，补全了就是It was in the library where he studied that I saw him this morning.
